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Hibiki AI Limited [cph]| Title: | Cryptographic Hash, Extendable-Output and Base64 Functions |
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| Description: | Fast and memory-efficient streaming hash functions and base64 encoding / decoding. Hashes strings and raw vectors directly. Stream hashes files potentially larger than memory, as well as in-memory objects through R's serialization mechanism. Implementations include the SHA-256, SHA-3 and 'Keccak' cryptographic hash functions, SHAKE256 extendable-output function (XOF), and 'SipHash' pseudo-random function. |
| Authors: | Charlie Gao [aut, cre] ,
Hibiki AI Limited [cph] |
| Maintainer: | Charlie Gao <[email protected]> |
| License: | GPL (>= 3) |
| Version: | 1.0.3 |
| Built: | 2024-11-01 05:54:27 UTC |
| Source: | https://github.com/shikokuchuo/secretbase |
Fast and memory-efficient streaming hash functions and base64 encoding / decoding. Hashes strings and raw vectors directly. Stream hashes files potentially larger than memory, as well as in-memory objects through R's serialization mechanism. Implementations include the SHA-256, SHA-3 and 'Keccak' cryptographic hash functions, SHAKE256 extendable-output function (XOF), and 'SipHash' pseudo-random function.
Charlie Gao [email protected] (ORCID)
Useful links:
Report bugs at https://github.com/shikokuchuo/secretbase/issues
Decodes a character string, raw vector or other object from base64 encoding.
base64dec(x, convert = TRUE)base64dec(x, convert = TRUE)
x |
an object. |
convert |
[default TRUE] logical TRUE to convert back to a character string, FALSE to convert back to a raw vector or NA to decode and then unserialize back to the original object. |
The value of ‘convert’ should be set to TRUE, FALSE or NA to be the reverse of the 3 encoding operations (for strings, raw vectors and arbitrary objects), in order to return the original object.
A character string, raw vector, or other object depending on the value of ‘convert’. If conversion to a character string fails, a raw vector will be returned instead (accompanied by a warning).
This implementation is based that by 'The Mbed TLS Contributors' under the 'Mbed TLS' Trusted Firmware Project at https://www.trustedfirmware.org/projects/mbed-tls.
base64dec(base64enc("secret base")) base64dec(base64enc(as.raw(c(1L, 2L, 4L))), convert = FALSE) base64dec(base64enc(data.frame()), convert = NA)base64dec(base64enc("secret base")) base64dec(base64enc(as.raw(c(1L, 2L, 4L))), convert = FALSE) base64dec(base64enc(data.frame()), convert = NA)
Encodes a character string, raw vector or other object to base64 encoding.
base64enc(x, convert = TRUE)base64enc(x, convert = TRUE)
x |
an object. |
convert |
[default TRUE] logical TRUE to encode to a character string or FALSE to a raw vector. |
A character string or raw vector (with no attributes) is encoded as is, whilst all other objects are first serialized (using R serialisation version 3, big-endian representation).
A character string or raw vector depending on the value of ‘convert’.
This implementation is based that by 'The Mbed TLS Contributors' under the 'Mbed TLS' Trusted Firmware Project at https://www.trustedfirmware.org/projects/mbed-tls.
base64enc("secret base") base64enc(as.raw(c(1L, 2L, 4L)), convert = FALSE) base64enc(data.frame())base64enc("secret base") base64enc(as.raw(c(1L, 2L, 4L)), convert = FALSE) base64enc(data.frame())
Returns a Keccak hash of the supplied object or file.
keccak(x, bits = 256L, convert = TRUE, file)keccak(x, bits = 256L, convert = TRUE, file)
x |
object to hash. A character string or raw vector (without attributes) is hashed ‘as is’. All other objects are stream hashed using R serialization (but without allocation of the serialized object). |
bits |
[default 256L] output size of the returned hash. Must be one of 224, 256, 384 or 512. |
convert |
[default TRUE] if TRUE, the hash is converted to its hex representation as a character string, if FALSE, output directly as a raw vector, or if NA, a vector of (32-bit) integer values. |
file |
character file name / path. If specified, ‘x’ is ignored. The file is stream hashed, thus capable of handling files larger than memory. |
A character string, raw or integer vector depending on ‘convert’.
Where this is used, serialization is always version 3 big-endian represenation and the headers (containing R version and native encoding information) are skipped to ensure portability across platforms.
Keccak is the underlying algorithm for SHA-3, and is identical apart from the value of the padding parameter.
The Keccak algorithm was designed by G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters and G. Van Assche.
This implementation is based on one by 'The Mbed TLS Contributors' under the 'Mbed TLS' Trusted Firmware Project at https://www.trustedfirmware.org/projects/mbed-tls.
# Keccak-256 hash as character string: keccak("secret base") # Keccak-256 hash as raw vector: keccak("secret base", convert = FALSE) # Keccak-224 hash as character string: keccak("secret base", bits = 224) # Keccak-384 hash as character string: keccak("secret base", bits = 384) # Keccak-512 hash as character string: keccak("secret base", bits = 512) # Keccak-256 hash a file: file <- tempfile(); cat("secret base", file = file) keccak(file = file) unlink(file)# Keccak-256 hash as character string: keccak("secret base") # Keccak-256 hash as raw vector: keccak("secret base", convert = FALSE) # Keccak-224 hash as character string: keccak("secret base", bits = 224) # Keccak-384 hash as character string: keccak("secret base", bits = 384) # Keccak-512 hash as character string: keccak("secret base", bits = 512) # Keccak-256 hash a file: file <- tempfile(); cat("secret base", file = file) keccak(file = file) unlink(file)
Returns a SHA-256 hash of the supplied object or file, or HMAC if a secret key is supplied.
sha256(x, key = NULL, convert = TRUE, file)sha256(x, key = NULL, convert = TRUE, file)
x |
object to hash. A character string or raw vector (without attributes) is hashed ‘as is’. All other objects are stream hashed using R serialization (but without allocation of the serialized object). |
key |
[default NULL] If NULL, the SHA-256 hash of ‘x’ is returned. Alternatively, supply a character string or raw vector as a secret key to generate an HMAC. Note: for character vectors, only the first element is used. |
convert |
[default TRUE] if TRUE, the hash is converted to its hex representation as a character string, if FALSE, output directly as a raw vector, or if NA, a vector of (32-bit) integer values. |
file |
character file name / path. If specified, ‘x’ is ignored. The file is stream hashed, thus capable of handling files larger than memory. |
A character string, raw or integer vector depending on ‘convert’.
Where this is used, serialization is always version 3 big-endian represenation and the headers (containing R version and native encoding information) are skipped to ensure portability across platforms.
The SHA-256 Secure Hash Standard was published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2002 at https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-2/fips180-2.pdf.
This implementation is based on one by 'The Mbed TLS Contributors' under the 'Mbed TLS' Trusted Firmware Project at https://www.trustedfirmware.org/projects/mbed-tls.
# SHA-256 hash as character string: sha256("secret base") # SHA-256 hash as raw vector: sha256("secret base", convert = FALSE) # SHA-256 hash a file: file <- tempfile(); cat("secret base", file = file) sha256(file = file) unlink(file) # SHA-256 HMAC using a character string secret key: sha256("secret", key = "base") # SHA-256 HMAC using a raw vector secret key: sha256("secret", key = charToRaw("base"))# SHA-256 hash as character string: sha256("secret base") # SHA-256 hash as raw vector: sha256("secret base", convert = FALSE) # SHA-256 hash a file: file <- tempfile(); cat("secret base", file = file) sha256(file = file) unlink(file) # SHA-256 HMAC using a character string secret key: sha256("secret", key = "base") # SHA-256 HMAC using a raw vector secret key: sha256("secret", key = charToRaw("base"))
Returns a SHA-3 hash of the supplied object or file.
sha3(x, bits = 256L, convert = TRUE, file)sha3(x, bits = 256L, convert = TRUE, file)
x |
object to hash. A character string or raw vector (without attributes) is hashed ‘as is’. All other objects are stream hashed using R serialization (but without allocation of the serialized object). |
bits |
[default 256L] output size of the returned hash. Must be one of 224, 256, 384 or 512. |
convert |
[default TRUE] if TRUE, the hash is converted to its hex representation as a character string, if FALSE, output directly as a raw vector, or if NA, a vector of (32-bit) integer values. |
file |
character file name / path. If specified, ‘x’ is ignored. The file is stream hashed, thus capable of handling files larger than memory. |
A character string, raw or integer vector depending on ‘convert’.
Where this is used, serialization is always version 3 big-endian represenation and the headers (containing R version and native encoding information) are skipped to ensure portability across platforms.
The SHA-3 Secure Hash Standard was published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2015 at doi:10.6028/NIST.FIPS.202.
This implementation is based on one by 'The Mbed TLS Contributors' under the 'Mbed TLS' Trusted Firmware Project at https://www.trustedfirmware.org/projects/mbed-tls.
# SHA3-256 hash as character string: sha3("secret base") # SHA3-256 hash as raw vector: sha3("secret base", convert = FALSE) # SHA3-224 hash as character string: sha3("secret base", bits = 224) # SHA3-384 hash as character string: sha3("secret base", bits = 384) # SHA3-512 hash as character string: sha3("secret base", bits = 512) # SHA3-256 hash a file: file <- tempfile(); cat("secret base", file = file) sha3(file = file) unlink(file)# SHA3-256 hash as character string: sha3("secret base") # SHA3-256 hash as raw vector: sha3("secret base", convert = FALSE) # SHA3-224 hash as character string: sha3("secret base", bits = 224) # SHA3-384 hash as character string: sha3("secret base", bits = 384) # SHA3-512 hash as character string: sha3("secret base", bits = 512) # SHA3-256 hash a file: file <- tempfile(); cat("secret base", file = file) sha3(file = file) unlink(file)
Returns a SHAKE256 hash of the supplied object or file.
shake256(x, bits = 256L, convert = TRUE, file)shake256(x, bits = 256L, convert = TRUE, file)
x |
object to hash. A character string or raw vector (without attributes) is hashed ‘as is’. All other objects are stream hashed using R serialization (but without allocation of the serialized object). |
bits |
[default 256L] output size of the returned hash. Must be between 8 and 2^24 and coercible to integer. |
convert |
[default TRUE] if TRUE, the hash is converted to its hex representation as a character string, if FALSE, output directly as a raw vector, or if NA, a vector of (32-bit) integer values. |
file |
character file name / path. If specified, ‘x’ is ignored. The file is stream hashed, thus capable of handling files larger than memory. |
To produce single integer values suitable for use as random seeds for R's pseudo random number generators (RNGs), set ‘bits’ to 32 and ‘convert’ to NA.
A character string, raw or integer vector depending on ‘convert’.
Where this is used, serialization is always version 3 big-endian represenation and the headers (containing R version and native encoding information) are skipped to ensure portability across platforms.
This implementation is based on one by 'The Mbed TLS Contributors' under the 'Mbed TLS' Trusted Firmware Project at https://www.trustedfirmware.org/projects/mbed-tls.
# SHAKE256 hash as character string: shake256("secret base") # SHAKE256 hash as raw vector: shake256("secret base", convert = FALSE) # SHAKE256 hash to integer: shake256("secret base", bits = 32L, convert = NA) # SHAKE256 hash a file: file <- tempfile(); cat("secret base", file = file) shake256(file = file) unlink(file)# SHAKE256 hash as character string: shake256("secret base") # SHAKE256 hash as raw vector: shake256("secret base", convert = FALSE) # SHAKE256 hash to integer: shake256("secret base", bits = 32L, convert = NA) # SHAKE256 hash a file: file <- tempfile(); cat("secret base", file = file) shake256(file = file) unlink(file)
Returns a fast, cryptographically-strong SipHash keyed hash of the supplied object or file. SipHash-1-3 is optimised for performance. Note: SipHash is not a cryptographic hash algorithm.
siphash13(x, key = NULL, convert = TRUE, file)siphash13(x, key = NULL, convert = TRUE, file)
x |
object to hash. A character string or raw vector (without attributes) is hashed ‘as is’. All other objects are stream hashed using R serialization (but without allocation of the serialized object). |
key |
[default NULL] a character string or raw vector comprising the 16 byte (128 bit) key data, or else NULL which is equivalent to '0'. If a longer vector is supplied, only the first 16 bytes are used, and if shorter, padded with trailing '0'. Note: for character vectors, only the first element is used. |
convert |
[default TRUE] if TRUE, the hash is converted to its hex representation as a character string, if FALSE, output directly as a raw vector, or if NA, a vector of (32-bit) integer values. |
file |
character file name / path. If specified, ‘x’ is ignored. The file is stream hashed, thus capable of handling files larger than memory. |
A character string, raw or integer vector depending on ‘convert’.
Where this is used, serialization is always version 3 big-endian represenation and the headers (containing R version and native encoding information) are skipped to ensure portability across platforms.
The SipHash family of cryptographically-strong pseudorandom functions (PRFs) are described in 'SipHash: a fast short-input PRF', Jean-Philippe Aumasson and Daniel J. Bernstein, Paper 2012/351, 2012, Cryptology ePrint Archive at https://ia.cr/2012/351.
This implementation is based on the SipHash streaming implementation by Daniele Nicolodi, David Rheinsberg and Tom Gundersen at https://github.com/c-util/c-siphash. This is in turn based on the SipHash reference implementation by Jean-Philippe Aumasson and Daniel J. Bernstein released to the public domain at https://github.com/veorq/SipHash.
# SipHash-1-3 hash as character string: siphash13("secret base") # SipHash-1-3 hash as raw vector: siphash13("secret base", convert = FALSE) # SipHash-1-3 hash using a character string key: siphash13("secret", key = "base") # SipHash-1-3 hash using a raw vector key: siphash13("secret", key = charToRaw("base")) # SipHash-1-3 hash a file: file <- tempfile(); cat("secret base", file = file) siphash13(file = file) unlink(file)# SipHash-1-3 hash as character string: siphash13("secret base") # SipHash-1-3 hash as raw vector: siphash13("secret base", convert = FALSE) # SipHash-1-3 hash using a character string key: siphash13("secret", key = "base") # SipHash-1-3 hash using a raw vector key: siphash13("secret", key = charToRaw("base")) # SipHash-1-3 hash a file: file <- tempfile(); cat("secret base", file = file) siphash13(file = file) unlink(file)